From 2ff41f3c32a089dd73cc92b15384fcb0df1a2b6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shanti Chellaram <shanti@shanti.im>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:17:41 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] Day 14-1

---
 day14.erl | 97 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 97 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 day14.erl

diff --git a/day14.erl b/day14.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b39f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/day14.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+-module(day14).
+
+-export([solve/1]).
+
+solve(Input) ->
+    {part1(Input), none}.
+
+
+part1(Input) -> simulate(parse_map(Input), 0).
+
+parse_map(Input) ->
+    LineSegments = parse_instructions(Input),
+    ChoppedSegments = chop_segments(LineSegments, []),
+    SegmentMap = maps:groups_from_list(fun({X, _, _}) -> X end, fun({_X, YStart, YEnd}) -> {YStart, YEnd} end, ChoppedSegments),
+    maps:map(fun (_Key, Segments) -> lists:foldl(fun rset_append/2, rset_new(), Segments) end, SegmentMap).
+
+parse_instructions(Input) ->
+    lists:foldl(fun parse_instruction/2, [], binary:split(Input, <<$\n>>, [global, trim_all])).
+
+parse_instruction(Line, Acc) ->
+    {X1, <<$,, Rest0/binary>>} = parse_int(Line),
+    {Y1, Rest1} = parse_int(Rest0),
+    parse_instruction0(Rest1, {X1, Y1}, Acc).
+
+parse_instruction0(<<>>, _Point, Acc) -> Acc;
+parse_instruction0(<<" -> ", RestIn/binary>>, Point, Acc) ->
+    {X, <<$,, Temp/binary>>} = parse_int(RestIn),
+    {Y, RestOut} = parse_int(Temp),
+    NewPoint = {X, Y},
+    parse_instruction0(RestOut, NewPoint, [{Point, NewPoint}|Acc]).
+
+parse_int(<<$-, Rest/binary>>) ->
+    {AbsoluteValue, Binary} = parse_int0(Rest, 0),
+    {-1 * AbsoluteValue, Binary};
+parse_int(Binary) ->
+    parse_int0(Binary, 0).
+
+parse_int0(<<Digit, Rest/binary>>, Acc) when Digit >= $0 andalso Digit =< $9 ->
+    parse_int0(Rest, Acc*10 + Digit - $0);
+parse_int0(Binary, Acc) when is_binary(Binary) -> {Acc, Binary}.
+
+chop_segments([], Acc) -> Acc;
+chop_segments([{{X, Y1}, {X, Y2}} | Rest], Acc) -> chop_segments(Rest, [{X, min(Y1, Y2), max(Y1, Y2)} | Acc]);
+chop_segments([{{X1, Y}, {X2, Y}} | Rest], Acc) -> chop_segments(Rest, [{X, Y, Y} || X <- lists:seq(min(X1, X2), max(X1, X2))] ++ Acc).
+
+simulate(State, SandCount) ->
+    case attempt_place(State, {500, 0}) of
+        {X, Y} -> simulate(State#{X := rset_append({Y, Y}, maps:get(X, State))}, SandCount+1);
+        falling -> SandCount
+    end.
+
+% returns true if there is a block in that spot
+test_spot(State, X, Y) ->
+    case State of
+        #{X := Column} -> rset_contains(Y, Column);
+        _ -> false
+    end.
+
+attempt_place(State, {X, Y}) ->
+    Column = maps:get(X, State, []),
+    case fast_forward(Y, Column) of
+        [{Floor, _End} | _Rest] ->
+            case test_spot(State, X-1, Floor) of
+                false -> attempt_place(State, {X-1, Floor}); % can optimize by shrinking active state here
+                true ->
+                    case test_spot(State, X+1, Floor) of
+                        false -> attempt_place(State, {X+1, Floor}); % can optimize by shrinking active state here
+                        true -> {X, Floor-1}
+                    end
+            end;
+            [] -> falling
+    end.
+
+fast_forward(_Any, []) -> [];
+fast_forward(Item, [{_,End}|Rest]) when Item > End -> fast_forward(Item, Rest);
+fast_forward(_Item, List) -> List.
+
+rset_new() -> [].
+
+% rangeset is a sorted set of discrete ranges. Adjacent ranges are merged.
+rset_append(Entry, []) -> [Entry];
+rset_append({_, End} = Entry, [{HeadStart, _} | _] = Set) when End < HeadStart - 1 -> [Entry | Set];
+rset_append({Start, _} = Entry, [{_, HeadEnd} = Head | Rest]) when Start > HeadEnd + 1 -> [ Head | rset_append(Entry, Rest)];
+rset_append({Start, End}, [{HeadStart, HeadEnd} | Rest]) -> rset_append({min(Start, HeadStart), max(End, HeadEnd)}, Rest).
+
+rset_contains(Item, []) -> false;
+rset_contains(Item, [{Start, _}|Rest]) when Item < Start -> false;
+rset_contains(Item, [{_, End}|Rest]) when Item > End -> rset_contains(Item, Rest);
+rset_contains(_Item, _Rest) -> true.
+
+rset_remove1(_Point, []) -> [];
+rset_remove1(Point, [{Start, _End} | _Rest] = Set) when Point < Start -> Set;
+rset_remove1(Point, [{_Start, End} = Head | Rest]) when Point > End -> [Head | rset_remove1(Point, Rest)];
+rset_remove1(Point, [{Point, Point} | Rest]) -> Rest;
+rset_remove1(Point, [{Point, End} | Rest]) -> [{Point+1, End} | Rest];
+rset_remove1(Point, [{Start, Point} | Rest]) -> [{Start, Point-1} | Rest];
+rset_remove1(Point, [{Start, End} | Rest]) -> [{Start, Point-1}, {Point+1, End} | Rest].